The development of laser technology and application has greatly changed the world. In order to promote the development of laser technology and application, the Chinese Academy of Engineering launched the key consulting project of "Research on 2035 development strategy of China's laser technology and application" in 2018. This is the comprehensive report of the project research. This paper briefly analyzes laser technology and its instrumental, leading and subversive role in scientific research and industry, analyzes the development status of scientific research and application of laser technology in cutting-edge laser, manufacturing and processing, information communication, medical diagnosis and treatment and other fields in China, and combs several problems restricting accelerated development, The development goal and policy measures of laser technology and application in China in 2035 are put forward.

1、 Foreword
     Laser is a major scientific and technological invention in the 20th century, which is as famous as atomic energy, semiconductor and computer. It has the characteristics of high brightness, strong directivity, good monochromaticity and good coherence. It is known as "the fastest knife", "the most accurate ruler" and "the brightest light". The development and integration of laser and related technologies have formed interdisciplinary technical disciplines such as laser manufacturing, laser communication, laser detection and laser medical treatment, provided a large number of new tools for human beings to understand and transform the world, bred and developed various types of laser industry and series equipment, and changed and reconstructed high-end manufacturing, information communication Medical diagnosis and treatment and national defense and security. With the continuous emergence of new lasers and new laser applications, the role of laser technology will become more prominent and will play an important role in building an innovative country and enhancing the competitiveness of international industries.

In view of the importance of laser technology and application development, from 2018 to 2019, Chinese Academy of Engineering organized and carried out the key consulting and research project of "Research on 2035 development strategy of China's laser technology and application". The project team conducted in-depth research on the development status of laser technology and industry, focused on the three industries of manufacturing and processing, information communication and medical diagnosis and treatment, combed the gap with the international advanced level and industrial application demand, and focused on China's development objectives, key research points and industrial policy needs before 2035.

2、 Role and status of laser technology and Application

（1） Cutting edge laser technology is an important tool for basic physics research and cutting-edge scientific and technological research in many fields
It is always an important part of the world's cutting-edge scientific research to study cutting-edge laser technology and obtain higher frequency domain characteristics (ultrashort wave, ultra long wave, tunable, single frequency, wide spectrum, etc.), time domain characteristics (ultrafast, ultra peak, etc.) and energy domain characteristics (high brightness, high power, high energy, etc.).

High performance laser can create extreme conditions in the laboratory, making high-performance cutting-edge laser an important tool for basic physics research. For example, ultra fast and ultra intense laser has ultra-high power density and ultra-strong electromagnetic intensity only at the core of stars and the edge of black holes, so that the extreme conditions of cosmic "big events" such as supernova explosion and black hole merger may be artificially generated in the laboratory, which provides a necessary experimental tool for the study of basic physical theories such as parallel universe and superstring / supermembrane theory.

The frequency domain characteristics, time domain characteristics and energy domain characteristics conditions or parameters created by high-performance laser make laser an indispensable tool for the frontier research of new materials, energy, biology and other science and technology. For example, Using hard X-ray free electron laser (xfel), as a new generation of probe light, enables human beings to observe the evolution images of atoms, molecules, nanometers and microns in real time, and control the state of electrons, molecules, atoms and even atomic nuclei. It is a necessary tool for the research of nuclear physics, atomic physics, molecular physics, chemistry and Bioscience at the molecular and even cell levels.

In the past 60 years, laser related research has won Nobel prizes for many times, which also fully shows the outstanding role of laser technology in promoting cutting-edge scientific research and scientific and technological progress.

（2） Laser technology plays an indispensable role in shaping modern manufacturing, information, medical and national defense industries

Laser manufacturing application is the main direction of laser industry application, including removal and connection, surface engineering, additive manufacturing, repair and remanufacturing and micro nano manufacturing. The output value accounts for more than 30% of the laser application industry. Laser manufacturing has the outstanding advantages of easy operation, non-contact, high flexibility, high efficiency, high quality, energy conservation and environmental protection. It is the mainstream means of cutting, welding, surface treatment, high-performance complex component manufacturing and precision manufacturing. It is known as "universal processing tool" and "common processing means of future manufacturing system", leading the development of advanced manufacturing industry, It has a far-reaching impact on the process of industrial intelligence.

Laser technology is the supporting technology of modern information industry. Optical fiber communication is the indispensable material basis of high-speed Internet; Wireless optical communication technology is the only way to realize the long-distance and rapid transmission of massive information. It is also a supercomputer, large Supercomputing Center The fifth generation mobile communication technology (5g) is the main way of high-speed massive data transmission and exchange within and between 5g base stations and 5g data centers; optical storage is the main way of massive big data information storage; high-definition laser display technology will trigger "a revolution in the history of human vision" 。 In addition, laser technology is also an important basis for high-precision measurement sensing, unmanned and quantum communication.

Laser technology has become an irreplaceable technical means in the field of medical treatment and diagnosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), photoacoustic imaging, multiphoton microscopic imaging and Raman imaging are important technologies in modern medical diagnosis. Strong laser therapy, photodynamic therapy and weak laser therapy have been widely used in the treatment of more than 300 diseases in Ophthalmology, surgery, internal medicine, gynecology, otolaryngology, cardiovascular, dermatology and other departments, leading the transformation of medical treatment mode with its accuracy, minimally invasive or noninvasive.

In the field of national defense, laser has been used in ranging, imaging, pointing, guidance, communication and confrontation, which not only improves the performance of weapons and equipment, such as improving the hit rate and reliability, but also changes the face of modern war in a sense. In recent years, the high-energy laser weapons that directly use laser energy to kill targets are approaching maturity, and will gradually enter the stage of development and assembly of various application equipment. Affected by the rapid expansion of the application of small UAVs, low altitude defense laser system has developed rapidly as an indispensable means for the security of important places and major activities in peacetime.

（3） Accelerating the development of laser technology and application can effectively promote and lead the transformation and upgrading of economy and industry

The wide application and continuous expansion of laser technology show that it is an extremely important core key technology, basic technology and leading technology, which effectively promotes and leads the development, transformation and upgrading of economy and industry.

First, laser technology is an important tool technology. Its application can accelerate the change of relevant industries. The application and expansion of laser in manufacturing industry, information communication and medical industry illustrate this point.

Second, laser technology is a highly permeable basic technology. The economic scale supported by laser products is much larger than its own economic scale. In 2010, a research report by the office of science and technology policy of the United States pointed out that the total value of telecommunications, e-commerce and information technology in the United States from 2009 to 2010 was $4 trillion, of which the value of laser itself was only $3.2 billion (semiconductor and fiber laser). In other words, the importance of laser technology products in the economic system far exceeded the value scale of the products themselves.

Third, laser technology has a strong ability to breed and incubate new applications. It can continuously integrate with other technologies to create new applications and industries, with outstanding industrial leading characteristics. For example, the continuous improvement of semiconductor laser performance in recent 30 years has made the optical switching technology mature and the capacity of optical fiber communication network reach more than terabytes per second, which is an important cornerstone for the development of the fourth generation mobile communication technology (4G) and 5g communication technology. In addition, the maturity of laser display technology is about to give birth to a trillion level industrial scale.

3、 Thoughts on the development goal of laser technology and application in China in 2035

（1） Overall objectives

By 2035, the overall level and research capacity of China's laser technology and application will be significantly improved, and the level of cutting-edge technology, application technology and industrialization will be generally balanced. The technical level of main fields will reach the world's advanced level, and the main laser industrial fields will reach the same level as that of advanced countries, effectively supporting China's innovation driven and sustainable development, and creating greater economic and social benefits.

(1) Break through cutting-edge laser technologies such as ultra-high brightness, ultrashort pulse and single frequency ultra stable laser, and play a supporting role in basic physical research such as astronomy.

(2) Build a number of major laser devices (such as ultra short and ultra strong, xfel, THz FEL devices, etc.) to support basic research on materials, biology and energy, and consolidate the afterforce of China's scientific and technological development.

(3) Independently break through key bottleneck products such as laser semiconductor chips, realize the independent and controllable level of the core foundation of the industry, and ensure economic security.

(4) Develop new lasers such as new semiconductor lasers, develop basic research on the mechanism and process of new laser applications, create new industries, effectively support and promote the development of emerging industries such as 5g, big data, cloud computing, quantum technology and unmanned driving, and realize the role of leading development.

(5) The technological level and industrial scale of laser in the field of intelligent manufacturing and information have reached the world advanced level, effectively supporting the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.

(6) Serve the healthy China strategy, continue to expand the application of medical diagnosis, and improve the ability of laser medical equipment to meet the high-end market.

(7) Actively develop national defense and security applications to meet national needs.

2） Domain objectives

In the frontier field, by 2035, the overall level and research ability of China's cutting-edge laser technology research, such as semiconductor lasers, high-energy solid-state lasers, ultrafast and super intense lasers, deep / extreme ultraviolet lasers and free electron lasers, will be significantly improved, a series of core technology breakthroughs will be realized, a number of major laser scientific research devices will be built, and China's cutting-edge laser technology will be changed from follow-up And run to the lead to support and promote the research of basic scientific research and the development of cutting-edge applied science and technology in China.

In the field of intelligent manufacturing, a number of original achievements will be made in basic research in 2035; Overcome the key technologies of laser manufacturing core components and basically realize the independent supply of the whole laser manufacturing industry chain in China; Research and develop intelligent, extreme and high-performance advanced laser manufacturing technology and series of equipment, and basically realize the independent supply of the whole industrial chain of laser manufacturing technology for high-end equipment such as aeroengine; Realize large-scale industrial application, and the scale of laser manufacturing and remanufacturing related industries has reached trillions; The overall strength of laser manufacturing and remanufacturing industry has reached the world advanced level.

In the information field, China's laser information technology and industry will be in the leading position in the world by 2035. Build a safe and controllable laser information technology system, independently control the core laser technology in the information field, and fully master the key core technologies and processes. Form an innovative cooperation system with new business forms and new models emerging for the coordinated development of industrial chain and innovation chain, become the source of the development of emerging information laser technology industries, form a new pattern of laser innovation economic agglomeration and development, and the sustainable development ability and competitiveness of laser technology industrial clusters are internationally leading.

In the medical field, the goal by 2035 is to establish the evaluation standard of laser medical system and improve the ecological environment of medical laser and the whole laser industry; For major medical applications, master and industrialize the core components and key technologies of lasers, form a complete industrial chain, form international competitiveness, and have the world's leading independent intellectual property rights.

4、 Measures and suggestions for accelerating the development of laser technology and application in China

(1) Strengthen top-level overall planning and lead the rapid development of China's laser technology and application industry. First, facing the national development goal of 2035, it is suggested to formulate the outline of medium and long-term development plan for China's laser technology and application (2021-2035) ； Second, relying on the Chinese Academy of engineering and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, regularly evaluate the development status of laser technology and application every five years, prospectively put forward development priorities and leading objectives, and timely put forward consulting suggestions related to laser technology and industrial development to the state.

(2) Strengthen basic research, focus on breaking through major basic problems and core basic materials and devices in the development of industrialization, strive to build an independent and controllable industrial common technology foundation, and lay a solid foundation for sustainable development, such as focusing on high-performance laser chips, new system semiconductor lasers, high-performance special laser fibers, laser crystals, laser additive manufacturing and reproduction Core materials and devices such as manufacturing metal materials shall be systematically organized to tackle key technical problems in raw materials, key equipment, design, process, testing and large-scale production.

(3) For example, in the manufacturing field, continue to strengthen the application research and verification plan related to laser manufacturing and remanufacturing technology in high-end equipment fields such as aerospace and machinery manufacturing; in the information field, carry out research on basic scientific problems and key technologies of space laser broadband transmission and networking , accelerate the development planning and future industrial layout of laser display; In the medical field, support the research and development of high-performance femtosecond lasers and equipment for clinical use; Bring the laser clinical equipment with high maturity and low risk into the catalogue of medical devices exempted from clinical trials, and promote the registration system of laser medical devices.

(4) Innovate the Industrial Synergy Mechanism and improve the innovation ecology of the laser industry. For example, take the key clinical hospitals as the supporting units, focus on the technical advantages of relevant domestic universities, research institutes and enterprises, and build a national laser medicine clinical transformation engineering research center; give full play to the main role of enterprises in innovation, and give full play to the common technologies of industry associations and other industry groups in industrial planning and industry The role of technical problems in R & D and the formulation of industrial standards and specifications.

(5) We will strengthen basic laser education and strengthen the training of talents for laser and optical applications. To meet the needs of the accelerated development of laser applications, we will establish a secondary discipline of laser medicine under clinical medicine, strengthen basic laser education in science and engineering majors such as materials and manufacturing, and consolidate the talent foundation for the development of laser applications.